Resident Master Classes for Ophthalmology by Dr Sourabh Sharma

DAMS brings Live app based structured course for Ophthalmology residents for the first time.

The course involves live interactions of important topics to make you proficient in theory and practical knowledge over a period of 6 months. The course will have six modules, four sessions per module and having duration of 3 hours per session as scheduled below.

The aim is to demonstrate an easy approach towards residency and other foreign degree exams like FICO, FRCS. Kanski based academic teaching, live demonstration of ideal way to do basic investigations, perform clinical examination for pratical exam purposes with recent updates will be the key takeaways from this course.

The course is designed to make one confident in clinical examination skills, interpretation of various examination techniques and investigations and not per se rote theory learning. The recordings of the live lectures will also be available for those who miss the live session.

Module 1:

Introduction, Investigations and Techniques, Clinical

Embryology- 2 sessions

VISION sense

• Basics and charts

• Colour Vision

• Contrast sensitivity

Know your devices

• Slit lamp basics

• llumination techniques

• Ophthalmoscopies and optics

• Auxillary lenses

Basic investigations

• Tonometers

• Gonioscopy: Direct and Indirect

• Perimetry: How to read chart

• Retinal Angiography (Pre-recorded)

Basic and clinical Embryology

• Clinical applications

Module 2: Optics and Refraction- 2 sessions

1. Properties of light

• Basics

• Clinical implications

2. Visual functions

• Stereopsis- Clinical tests and concepts

3. Optics of Ametropia

• Refractive error

• Accommodation

4. Presbyopia

• Presbyopic correction

• Types of Bifocals

5. Clinical Refraction

• Objective and Subjective refraction

6. Optical Prescriptions

• Spectacles and contact lenses

7. Instruments

• Retinoscope

• Purkinje image based devices (Pachymetry, Keratometry, Specular)

8. Lasers in Ophthalmology (Pre-recorded)

9. Basics of Refractive Surgery

Module 3: Lens and Clinical applications- 2 sessions

Lens Anatomy and Physiology

• Gross and microscopic anatomy

• Embryology

• Metabolism of lens

• Biochemical structure

Cataracts

• Etiology

• Pathophysiology of senile cataract

• Stages of senile cataract

• LOCS clinical demonstration

Congenital cataracts

• Approach and management

Cataract surgeries

• Pre-operative considerations

• Anaestheia and viscoelastics

• STEP by STEP surgeries

• Instrumentation

• SICS, ECCE, Phacoemulsification

• Know your Phaco machine

• Phacodynamics

Intraocular Lenses

• Types and materials

• Biometry

• All formulaes

Complications of cataract surgeries: Clinical scenarios

Ectopia Lentis

Module 4: The Glaucomas- 2 sessions

Aqueous dynamics

• Aqueous production and outflow

• Aqueous composition

• Goldman equation

• Intraocular pressure basis and variations

Evaluation of optic nerve head

• Normal optic nerve head

• Changes in glaucoma

• Role of Optical coherence tomography Perimetry

• Visual field changes in glaucoma

• Hodapp, Parrish and Anderson’s criteria

• Progressive analysis

Open angle spectrum glaucomas

• Definitions of POAG, OHT, NTG

• Approach to an open angle glaucoma patient

• Management protocol

• Related studies and trials

Angle closure spectrum glaucomas

• Mechanism of closed angles

• Definitions of PACS, PAC, PACG

• Approach to a closed angle glaucoma patient

• Management protocol

• Related studies and trials

• Acute angle closure scenario

Medical and Surgical Management of glaucoma

• All classes of drugs and recent surgical advances

• MIGS (Minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries)

SECONDARY glaucomas: Clinical scenarios

Module 5: Retina and Vitreous part 1- 2 sessions

Basic Anatomy and Histology

• Retinal layers and neurotransmitters

• Rods and Cones structure

• Visual cycle

Retinal Detachment

• Peripheral lesions leading to RD

• Posterior Vitreous detachment

• Identification of retinal breaks

• Types of retinal detachment

• Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy

• Pars plana Vitrectomy, Pneumatic retinopexy, Scleral buckling

• Complications of Surgeries

Vascular supply and blood retinal barriers

• Clinical implications

• Cystoid macular edema

• Central serous retinopathy

Age Related macular degeneration

• Approach, types, management

• AREDS trial

• Retinal Angiomatous proliferation

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Module 5: Retina and Vitreous part 2- 2 sessions

Acquired Macular disorders

• Macular function tests

• Vitreomacular traction: Macular hole

• Degenerative myopia

• Angiod streak

• Other macular disorders

Retinal Vascular disorders

• Diabetic retinopathy

• Hypertension and Retinal venous occlusive diseases

• Retinal arterial occlusive diseases

Other important conditions: Sickle cell, ROP

Hereditary fundus dystrophies

• Electrodiagnostic tests (ERG,VER, EOG, Dark adaptation)

• Approach to night blindness

• Rod-Cone and Cone-Rod dystrophies

• Choroidal dystrophies

• Macular dystrophies

Albinism

Module 6: Orbit- 2 sessions

Basic anatomy

• Bones and fissures

• Orbital fascia

• Surgical spaces of orbit

• Clinical applications and syndromes

Approach to proptosis

• Exam case study

• Clinical test methods

• Related investigations

Thyroid eye disease

• Risk factors and pathogenesis with new treatment modality approach

• Clinical features and classifications

• Current Management protocols

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory Disease

• Pseudotumour/Myositis/Dacryoadenitis

• Current Diagnostic criterion

• Imaging and histochemistry

• Current management protocol

Orbital cellulitis

• Classification

• Rhino-orbital mucormycosis

• Management

Orbital tumours

• Neural tumours

• Vascular tumours

• Cystic lesions

• Lacrimal gland lesions

Surgical procedures

• Enucleation

• Exenteration

• Eviseration

Anophthalmic socket

Module 7: Eyelids and adnexa- 2 sessions

Basic anatomy of eyelids

• Structural and clinical aspect

• Epicanthal folds

• Congenital anamolies

Eyelid embryology

• Clinical implications

Eyelid layers

• Lamella of eyelids with clinical relevance

• Each layer linked to clinical points

• Blinking mechanism

• Tarsorapphy types, procedure

• Structural support and ligaments

• Orbital septum and fat pads

Eyelid margin

• Strucural anatomy

• Clinical relevance

Eyelash disorders

Ptosis (pre-recorded)

• Levator palpebral superioris anatomy

• Classification of Ptosis

• Exam case study clinical evaluation

• Clinical test methods

• Management options

• Surgical instruments used in Ptosis Surgery

• Complications of Ptosis Surgery

• Short notes: Myasthenia/Marcus Gunn/BPES

Blepharitis

• Types

• Clinical spectrum

• Management with new modalities

Ectropion and Entropion

• Types, Staging and features

• Simplified treatment options

Eyelid tumours

• Evaluation of eyelid mass

• Differentiate benign and malignant lesions

• Common tumours

• Reconstruction of eyelid

Module 8: Cornea Part 1- 2 sessions

Anatomy and Physiology of Cornea

• Structural and clinical aspect of each layer

• Confocal microscopy

• Nervous supply

• Applied physiological aspects

Signs in Corneal disease and Corneal Colour Coding

Approach to a patient of Corneal ulcer

Infectious keratitis

• Fungal keratitis

• Acanthamoeba keratitis

• Herpes Simplex Viral keratitis

• Herpes zoster Ophthalmicus

• Bacterial keratitis

Interstitial keratitis

Persistent epithelial defect

Neurotrophic keratitis

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis

Corneal ectasias

• Corneal topography

• Keratoconus

• Pellucid and Terrien’s degeneration

• Corneal collagen cross linking

• Management options

Module 8: Cornea and Sclera Part 2- 2 sessions

Corneal dystrophies

• IC3D and anatomical classification

• Clinical spectrum and important signs

Corneal degenerations

• Arcus senilis

• Vogt limbal girdle

• Crocodile shagreen

• BAND shaped keratopathy

• Spheroidal and Salzmann degeneration

• Lipid keratopathy

Wilson disease

Corneal depositions

Vortex keratopathy

Eye banking

Penetrating keratoplasty

• Indications

• Surgical steps

• Complications

• Corneal graft rejection

Lamellar keratoplasty

• Indications

• Anterior and posterior lamellar procedures

• Big bubble types

Keratoprosthesis

• Types: Boston

• Osteo-odonto (Kpro)

Sclera and staphyloma

Module 9: Uveitis

Overview and classification of uveitis

• Anatomical classification

• Clinical terms- Standaraization uveitis Nomenclature

• Granulomatous and Non-granulmatous

Clinical features of anterior uveitis

• Examination of cells in anterior chamber

• Standaraization uveitis Nomenclature grading of cells and flare

• Blood-acqueous barrier and implication

• Type of keratic precipitates

Other clinical signs and complications

Approach to anterior uveitis

-HLAB27

-Fuch’s heterochromic

-Viral uveitis

Intermediate uveitis

• Disease entity, signs and complications

• Vitreous haze grading

• Modified Kaplan approach

Approach to anterior uveitis

• Infectious vs Non-infectious

• Choroiditis vs Retinitis

• Masquerade uveitis

• White dot syndrome overview

Parasitic Posterior uveitis

• Ocular Toxoplasmosis

• Ocular Toxocariasis

• Diffuse unilateral subretinal neuro-retinitis

• Ocular cysticercoisis

Viral retinitis

• Acute retinal necrosis

• Progressive outer retinal necrosis

Cytomegaloviral retinitis

Pan-uveitis

• Sympathetic Ophthalmia

• Vogt-Kayangi-Harada syndrome

Module 10: Neuro-Ophthalmology and Squint- 4 sessions

Visual pathway and defects

• Optic nerve anatomy and blood supply

• Lesion of optic nerve and defects

• Optic chiasma- anatomy, blood supply and clinical visual field defects

• Retrochiasma- anatomy, blood supply and lesions

• Light/Puplillary pathway

• Basic anatomy and clinical testing

• Afferent pupillary defects

• Light-Near dissociation

• Parinaud syndrome

• Argyll-Roberston pupil

• Adie’s pupil

Near/Accommodation pathway

Sympathetic pathway and implications

• Basic pathway

• Horner syndrome

• Pharmacological action of drugs in Horner

Anisocoria

• Approach to a miotic pupil

• Approach to a dilated pupil

Ocular motor nerves

• 3 rd , 4 th , 6 th nerve pathway

• Syndromes associated

• Nuclear control of eye movements

Optic nerve function tests

• Clinical features of optic neuropathy

• Visual evoked response

Optic disc swelling

• True vs pseudo-edema

• Optic nerve hyploplasia

• Optic disc drusen

• Myelinated nerve fibres

Optic neuritis

• Demyelinating conditions

• IO

• BAND shaped keratopathy

• Spheroidal and Salzmann degeneration

• Lipid keratopathy

Approach to disc edema: Clinical aspects

Optic atrophy

Papilledema

• CSF pathway

• Pathophysiology flowchart

• Stages and Frisen grading

• Management

Extraocular muscles and actions

• Clinical Anatomy of extraocular muscles

• Ductions, Versions and Vergences

• Herring and Sherrigton law

Definitions in Strabismus

• Tropia and Phoria

• Kappa angle and its implications

Basics of Binocular Vision

• Horopter

Pannum’s area

Types and adaptations to strabismus

• Incomitant vs Comitant squint

• Muscle sequlae in paralytic squint

• Motor and Sensory adaptations

Examination of strabismus patient

Tests for MOTOR status in strabismus

• Hirshberg reflex test

• Cover-uncover (Prism bar cover)

• Modified Krimsky

Tests for SENSORY status in strabismus

• Tests for Binocular vision, Correspondence, Suppression

• Worth 4 dot test, Bagolini glasses, Base out prism, Synaptophore

Tests for ocular movements

• Grading of underacting and overacting muscles

Comitant Esotropia

• Essential infantile

• Accommodative esotropias

• Other types and management

Comitant Exotropia

• Intermittent exotropia

• Other types and management

A and V pattern squints

• Basics

• Different school of thoughts and theories

Amblyopia and clinical management

• Types and Mangement

Approach to Incomitant squint

• Subjective tests for angle of deviation

• Maddox rod and wing

Diplopia charting

Hess/Lees charts

Forced duction test

Ocular motor nerve palsies

• 6th nerve palsy

• 3 rd nerve palsy

• 4 th nerve palsy

Park 3 step test

Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders

• Duanne’s retraction

• Mobius

• Strabismus fixus

Brown syndrome

Supranuclear control of eye movements and Clinical significance

• Horizontal and Vertical gaze center

• PPRF lesion

• Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

• One and half syndrome

Nystagmus and Practical aspects

• Basics

• Types and documentation

FAQ'S

Curriculum

video

Reviews

4.9

43 Reviews

Vijay Kumar 30 Jun, 19:24

Sanjana Shah 03 Jun, 17:53

Rs. 15000

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Sumer Sethi

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